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Article 22 of the Spanish Civil Code provides for a shorter residence period for nationals by origin of Ibero-American countries. Understanding its scope helps distinguish eligibility to apply from an automatic grant of nationality.
The period allows you to apply
The general requirement is ten years, although shorter periods apply in certain cases. For nationals by origin of Ibero-American countries, the Civil Code sets a period of two years. Residence must be legal, continuous, and immediately prior to the application. This is not a processing deadline and does not guarantee a favourable decision.
The legal category has a specific scope
The category โnationals by origin of Ibero-American countriesโ has a specific legal meaning. What matters is your nationality of origin, not merely the country where you live, the language you speak, or a family connection. If you acquired a nationality later, or have family ancestry in an Ibero-American country, it is necessary to assess whether your circumstances fall within the legal provision.
Review your residence history
Prepare a timeline of residence authorizations, their periods of validity, and any absences. Do not assume that every period of stay counts in the same way as residence. If there have been interruptions, pending renewals, or changes in status, their effects must be assessed before estimating when you may apply.
Beyond the residence period
The Civil Code also requires evidence of good civic conduct and a sufficient degree of integration into Spanish society. Documents, tests, and possible exemptions must be reviewed according to the circumstances of each case. Preparation should identify issues and outstanding documents, rather than simply count the years.
How to prepare for an assessment
State your nationality of origin and your current nationalities.
Put your periods of residence and absences in order.
Disclose any previous applications or notices you have received.
Ask for a conclusion on eligibility, documentation, and the scope of the service.
After the application
Further requests for information or other steps may follow. A grant of nationality, if issued, does not replace any subsequent steps that apply. Follow-up, the oath or affirmation, registration, and identity documents should be clearly described and priced.
Official sources
Sources reviewed on 9 October 2026 ยท Spanish jurisdiction
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